W(h)ither human cardiac and body magnetic resonance at ultrahigh fields?

Objective: To document and review advances and groundbreaking progress in cardiac and body magnetic resonance (MR) at ultrahigh fields (UHF, B0≥7.0 T) with the goal to attract talent, clinical adopters, collaborations and resources to the biomedical and diagnostic imaging communities. Methods: This review surveys traits, advantages and challenges of cardiac and body MR at 7.0 T. The considerations run the gamut from technical advances to clinical opportunities. Key concepts, emerging technologies, practical considerations, frontier applications and future directions of UHF body and cardiac MR are provided. Examples of UHF cardiac and body imaging strategies are demonstrated. Their added value over the kindred counterparts at lower fields is explored along with an outline of research promises. Results: The achievements of cardiac and body UHF-MR are powerful motivator and enabler, since extra speed, signal and imaging capabilities may be invested to overcome the fundamental constraints which continue to hamper traditional cardiac and body MR applications. Conclusions: If practical obstacles, concomitant physics effects and technical impediments can be overcome in equal measure, sophisticated cardiac and body UHF-MR will help to open the door to new magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy approaches for basic research and clinical science; with the lessons learned at 7.0 T being transferred into broad clinical use including diagnostics and therapy guiding at lower fields.